Off-grid cost of energy storage containers for European ports

What is integrated energy system in a sustainable port?

This study focuses on an integrated energy system that involves wind energy, photovoltaic energy, hydrogen energy and energy storage in the sustainable port. The multiple energy sources are used to generate electricity to support container loading and unloading in vessels.

How can ports reduce the dependence on grid-supplied electricity?

To minimize the dependence on grid-supplied electricity, ports are also investing in renewable generation notably PV solar on warehouse roofing and parking areas. Energy storage is also needed to optimize utilization of in-port generation and avoid curtailment when generation exceeds the available demand.

Does integrated energy scheduling for port operations consider uncertain container loads?

Conclusions This study investigates an integrated energy scheduling for port operations that considers the uncertain container loads in vessels. For the problem, the integrated energy system involving wind, photovoltaic, and hydrogen energy is introduced to generate electricity for the demand from vessels and handling equipment.

How much does container storage cost?

The storage cost is approximately 50 USD/MWh. As for the energy demand of handling containers in the port, each vessel requires about 1 MWh for every hour it is berthed. It does not consider the categories and scales of vessels in this study.