Cost of bidirectional charging for photovoltaic energy storage containers used in fire stations

What is a photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging station (PV-es-I CS)?

As shown in Fig. 1, a photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging station (PV-ES-I CS) is a novel component of renewable energy charging infrastructure that combines distributed PV, battery energy storage systems, and EV charging systems.

Can photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging stations improve green and low-carbon energy supply?

The results provide a reference for policymakers and charging facility operators. In this study, an evaluation framework for retrofitting traditional electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) into photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging stations (PV-ES-I CSs) to improve green and low-carbon energy supply systems is proposed.

Why is bidirectional charging important for electric vehicles?

The flexibility of electric vehicles can be used by means of bidirectional charging in numerous applications to promote self-sufficiency, save costs and support the energy sector via grid and system services.

Does bidirectional charging make sense?

In addition to the stakeholder perspective, bidirectional charging also makes sense and is cost-optimized from a system perspective. The bidirectional development of the existing storage ca-pacity in electric vehicles for the energy system reduces the energy supply costs in Europe com-pared to a scenario without bidirectional electric vehicles.